For teachers with Multilingual Learners (MLs) in their classes (which includes most teachers now), it's important to recognize that some language learners may rely heavily on dictionaries and Google translate. They might spend a lot of time reading and referring to the definitions, even worrying about finding the best definition or one that makes sense in the context they are reading. Some students might even prefer using bilingual dictionaries that explain complicated words in their language and English.
However, it's crucial to encourage students to see dictionaries as just a starting point. Teachers should encourage them to use dictionaries as a quick reference for understanding a word while reading or listening but emphasize that true understanding comes from encountering words multiple times in different contexts. Teachers need to provide lots of opportunities for students to actively engage with new vocabulary, perhaps by using flashcards, context-based exercises, or group discussions.
One tool I suggest teachers implement with all learners is a student-generated dictionary. This could be a simple notebook with alphabet tabs or a document on the computer where MLs decide what words to record based on what comes up in the class for them.
Provide time for students to …
note down words that they don’t know;
add a simple image that they draw or download from the computer;
and write a short sentence where they apply the vocabulary word in context using their own words.
Here’s an example from Learning for Justice:
This helps reinforce their memory and recognition of words when encountered again in different contexts. When teachers encourage MLs to think of this process as building their own personalized dictionary tailored to their learning needs, motivation increases.
Here are some specific content area examples for secondary teachers in science and mathematics:
These dictionaries provide language learners with a resource to refer to when they are stuck and need help refreshing their background knowledge. They also allow MLs to tailor learning to their specific needs. They get the opportunity to assimilate their content knowledge in ways that they understand it best. Finally, they allow MLs to invest in and personalize their learning.
Have you used personalized dictionaries in the content areas you teach? What has worked? What hasn’t?
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